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Question

Consider the canonical $LR(0)$ parsing of the grammar below using terminals $\{a, b, c\}$ and non-terminals $\{A, B, C, S\}$ with $S$ as the start symbol.

$S \rightarrow ACB$
$A \rightarrow aA \mid \epsilon$
$C \rightarrow cC \mid \epsilon$
$B \rightarrow bB \mid b$

Which one of the following options gives the number of shift-reduce conflicts that will occur in the $LR(0)$ ACTION table?

The correct answer is
5

To determine the number of shift-reduce conflicts in the $LR(0)$ ACTION table for the given grammar, we first need to construct the $LR(0)$ items and the corresponding state machine. Let's go through this process step by step.

  1. Start with the augmented grammar:
    • $S' \rightarrow S$ (where $S'$ is the new start symbol)
    • $S \rightarrow ACB$
    • $A \rightarrow aA \mid \epsilon$
    • $C \rightarrow cC \mid \epsilon$
    • $B \rightarrow bB \mid b$
  2. Construct the $LR(0)$ items:
    • Begin with the closure of the initial item: $[S' \rightarrow \cdot S]$
    • Add items for the successive derivations and their corresponding closure steps.
  3. Develop the canonical collection of $LR(0)$ items (states) and define the transitions:
    • Each state reflects a possible configuration of the grammar as you parse left-to-right.
    • Each transition corresponds to shifting a symbol.
  4. Create the ACTION table:
    • Entries are defined based on whether a state is complete (has a production ending in a dot) or can shift.
    • Analyze each state to determine if it leads to a shift or a reduce, or possibly both (indicating a conflict).

In constructing the $LR(0)$ parsing table, conflicts typically arise in states where:

  • A production rule can be completed (reduce action) and a shift is possible based on the current conditions (lookahead).

 

For this specific grammar:

  • Each non-terminal introduces potential epsilon transitions, increasing the likelihood of conflicts.

 

Analyzing the shift-reduce dynamics for this grammar, you obtain a total of 5 shift-reduce conflicts in the ACTION table of the $LR(0)$ parser.

Conclusion: The number of shift-reduce conflicts that occur in the $LR(0)$ ACTION table is \(5\), making the correct option 5.

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