Consider a unity-gain negative feedback system consisting of the plant G(s) (given below) and a proportional-integral controller. Let the proportional gain and integral gain be 3 and 1, respectively. For a unit step reference input, the final values of the controller output and the plant output, respectively, are \(\rm G(s)=\frac{1}{s-1}\)
-1, 1
The controller is \(C(s)=(3s+1)/s\). Thus \(Y/R=(3s+1)/(s+1)^2\), whose poles are stable, so y(∞) = 1. Since the plant obeys \(\dot y-y=u\), its equilibrium requires u(∞) = −1. The requested pair is −1,1.
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