Read the following passage and answer the questions : Ishita, a Psychometrician generated 120 items in July 2021 to develop a tool on pro-environmental behaviour with five response patterns starting from 'Strongly Disagree' to 'Strongly Agree'. She retained 85 items based upon item-total correlation. Then she verified internal consistency of the items using data collected from 800 respondents in Dec, 2021. Ms Ishita named five dimensions extracted by her through exploratory factor analysis in March 2022. Thereafter she collected data from 400 respondents and accomplished measurement model analysis through confirmatory factor analysis in Nov, 2022.
Confirmatory factor Analysis can help in examining -
Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Validity Types
Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) is a statistical technique used to test a pre-specified measurement theory or assumption about the factor structure underlying a set of observed variables. It helps researchers confirm if the data fits a hypothesized measurement model.
Examining Convergent Validity with CFA
CFA is particularly useful for assessing Convergent Validity. This type of validity refers to the degree to which different measures, theoretically expected to be related, actually are.
In CFA, Convergent Validity is evaluated by examining the factor loadings. These loadings represent the strength of the relationship between each observed item (variable) and its intended underlying latent construct (factor).
- High and statistically significant factor loadings indicate that the items are indeed measuring the intended construct, supporting convergent validity.
- CFA allows researchers to confirm if the items designed to measure a specific dimension load strongly onto that dimension.
Other Validity Types
Face Validity is a subjective assessment of whether a test appears to measure what it should. It is not directly tested using CFA.
Criterion-related Validity assesses the relationship between a measure and an external criterion. While CFA can confirm the measurement of the construct involved in such a relationship, it does not directly measure the correlation with the external criterion itself.
Composite Validity relates to the overall quality of a composite score. While CFA is often a component of broader Structural Equation Models (SEM) used to assess composite validity, convergent validity is a more direct and primary application of CFA.
Important Questions from Research Designs
On the basis of the procedure of inquiry, which of the following are types of case study?
A. Intrinsic case study
B. Descriptive case study
C. Evaluative case study
D. Instrumental case study
E. Interpretative case study
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Which of the following studies is used for clinical analysis?
- Match List - I with List - II :
List - I List - II A. Study of the life style of Indian people between 1900 to 1947 I. Descriptive research B. Testing significance of difference between job satisfaction of government and non-government employees II. Ethnographic research C. Study of effectiveness of Yoga exercises on mental health of policemen III. Historical research D. Study of nomadic people's perception regarding their life in real situation IV. Experimental research
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: What would be the correct sequence while developing a robust questionnaire ?
A. Curricular Validity
B. Confirmatory Factor Analysis
C. Item Discrimination Index
D. Exploratory Factor Analysis
E. Norm development
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
What are true from the following about Factorial Design ?
A. There are more than one dependent variable.
B. There are more than one independent variable.
C. Dependent variable is continuous in nature.
D. Independent variable is continuous in nature.
E. Factors are extracted through factor loadings.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
