Directions: Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: Many observational and epidemiological studies have shown a connection between obesity and sleep deprivation in Americans. Alarmingly, 28% of American adults sleep less than six hours a night. One common reason for this connection is that sleep restriction affects the regulation of appetite hormones like ghrelin and leptin. Energy balance is tightly regulated by a hormonal system, involving ghrelin and leptin, which conveys information from the body to brain centers that control energy intake and expenditure. Restricted sleep is thought to increase ghrelin and decrease leptin, which promotes hunger. Sleep restriction is also thought to increase cortisol release, increasing eating behavior. Another proposed mechanism is that people, who stay awake longer, are exposed to a higher energy intake, specifically by snacking. Nevertheless, these explanations have been questioned. The effect of neuronal activity on food stimuli, an increase in energy intake, and the effect on energy expenditure will be reviewed in relation to sleep deprivation and obesity. In one study published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, researchers examined the effect on brain response to food stimuli in habitual and restricted sleep normal-weight individuals. The neuronal pattern found in the restricted sleep group was similar to one that would occur when the body is at low body weight and is trying to restore body stores. This study concluded that the restricted sleep group had a greater food intake and greater brain stimuli to areas that are linked with motivation and desire. The stimulated brain areas were the orbitofrontal cortex, insula, thalamus, precuneus, cingulate, gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus. With food being widely accessible, this could be one reason associated with weight gain during sleep restriction. However, studies have shown that there are differences between brain responses to satiety and food stimulation in obese and lean individuals. Further research needs to be conducted to see if sleep restriction affects this difference.
Choose the correct synonym for the word C onclude .
Culminate
Conclude: Understanding Synonyms in English
The question asks to find the correct synonym for the word conclude. A synonym is a word or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word or phrase in the same language.
Let's first understand the meaning of the word conclude.
- Conclude: To bring something to an end or a finish; to sum up; or to arrive at a judgment or decision by reasoning. For example, "The meeting will conclude at 5 PM." or "We concluded that the experiment was a success."
Now, let's examine each of the given options to determine which one is the closest synonym to conclude.
- Commence: This word means to begin or start. It is an antonym (opposite) of conclude. For example, "The ceremony will commence shortly."
- Afresh: This adverb means in a new or different way, or again from the beginning. It does not directly relate to the act of finishing or ending something. For example, "Let's start afresh with a new plan."
- Ongoing: This adjective describes something that is continuing or still in progress. It signifies continuation rather than completion, making it an antonym of conclude. For example, "The ongoing negotiations are complex."
- Start: This word means to begin or initiate. It is also an antonym of conclude. For example, "Let's start the project tomorrow."
- Culminate: This word means to reach a climax or point of highest development, or to come to an end. When something culminates, it reaches its final, conclusive stage. For example, "The competition will culminate in a grand final." In this sense, it means to end or conclude.
Comparing the meanings, culminate shares the sense of bringing something to an end or reaching a final point, which aligns closely with the meaning of conclude.
Therefore, culminate is the most suitable synonym for conclude among the given options.
Important Questions from Reading Comprehension
Why, according to the writer can't people be motivated to use a resource prudently?
1. They feel that others may overuse the resource
2. It is possible to substitute the resource
3. Abundance of the resource availability
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
When do people use resources exhaustively?
The self-interest of people affects the use of renewable resources
People rooted in a locality
Which among the following is closest in meaning with the word 'deplete'?
