Choose the correct sequence of events for the process of oogenesis: A. The tertiary follicle changes into Graafian follicle B. Formation of oogonia in the fetal ovary C. Completion of first meiotic division by primary oocyte within the tertiary follicle D. Release of secondary oocyte from the ovary Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
B, C, A, D
Understanding the Sequence of Events in Oogenesis
Oogenesis is the process by which female gametes, or ova, are produced. It begins during fetal development and continues after puberty, culminating in the release of a mature egg cell. Understanding the correct sequence of events is crucial for comprehending female reproductive biology.
Detailed Analysis of Oogenesis Events
Let's break down the events mentioned in the question and determine their chronological order in the process of oogenesis:
- Event B: Formation of oogonia in the fetal ovary. Oogenesis starts very early, during the embryonic and fetal stages. Primordial germ cells migrate to the developing ovary and differentiate into oogonia. These oogonia proliferate by mitosis. This is the initial stage of oogenesis.
- Event C: Completion of first meiotic division by primary oocyte within the tertiary follicle. Oogonia differentiate into primary oocytes, which enter meiosis I but get arrested in prophase I. Follicles develop around these primary oocytes, progressing from primary to secondary and then to tertiary follicles. The primary oocyte within a mature follicle (tertiary or Graafian) completes its first meiotic division just before ovulation, producing a secondary oocyte and the first polar body. This event occurs much later than the formation of oogonia, typically after puberty and monthly, stimulated by hormones.
- Event A: The tertiary follicle changes into Graafian follicle. Follicular development involves the maturation of primary follicles into secondary, then tertiary, and finally into the mature Graafian follicle. The tertiary follicle is characterized by the presence of an antrum (fluid-filled cavity). The Graafian follicle is the fully mature follicle that contains the secondary oocyte ready for ovulation. This maturation step happens after the tertiary stage is well-developed and usually shortly before ovulation.
- Event D: Release of secondary oocyte from the ovary. This event is called ovulation. It occurs when the mature Graafian follicle ruptures, releasing the secondary oocyte (along with the zona pellucida and corona radiata) from the ovary. This is the final event among the ones listed, occurring after follicular maturation and the completion of meiosis I.
Sequencing the Events of Oogenesis
Based on the timeline of oogenesis, the events occur in the following order:
- Formation of oogonia (Event B): This is the very first step in fetal life.
- Development to primary oocyte, arrest in meiosis I, and follicular development to tertiary stage: This is an intermediate process leading to the state where Event C can occur.
- Completion of first meiotic division (Event C): The primary oocyte within the tertiary/Graafian follicle completes meiosis I, forming a secondary oocyte. This happens shortly before ovulation.
- Maturation of tertiary follicle to Graafian follicle (Event A): The tertiary follicle undergoes final maturation to become the Graafian follicle. This is often closely timed with or immediately precedes the completion of meiosis I and ovulation.
- Release of secondary oocyte (Event D): Ovulation occurs from the Graafian follicle, releasing the secondary oocyte. This is the final step among the options.
Therefore, the correct chronological sequence of the given events is B, C, A, D.
| Sequence | Event | Description | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | B | Formation of oogonia | Fetal development |
| 2nd | C | Completion of first meiotic division by primary oocyte within the tertiary follicle | Just before ovulation (after puberty) |
| 3rd | A | Tertiary follicle changes into Graafian follicle | Maturation phase, shortly before ovulation (after puberty) |
| 4th | D | Release of secondary oocyte (Ovulation) | Monthly cycle, after follicle maturation (after puberty) |
Conclusion
Following the sequence determined from our analysis, the correct order of events is the formation of oogonia (B), followed by the completion of the first meiotic division (C), then the maturation of the tertiary follicle into the Graafian follicle (A), and finally the release of the secondary oocyte (D). This gives the sequence B, C, A, D.
Oogenesis Revision Table
| Stage | Key Event(s) | Ploidy and State | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oogonia | Mitosis | Diploid ($2n$) | Fetal development |
| Primary Oocyte | Enters Meiosis I (arrested in Prophase I) | Diploid ($2n$), contains 4C DNA | Fetal development through puberty |
| Secondary Oocyte | Formed after Meiosis I completion, enters Meiosis II (arrested in Metaphase II) | Haploid ($n$), contains 2C DNA | Monthly cycle (after puberty), just before ovulation |
| Ovum | Formed after Meiosis II completion (upon fertilization) | Haploid ($n$), contains 1C DNA | Upon fertilization |
| Polar Bodies | Receive minimal cytoplasm during Meiosis I and Meiosis II | Haploid ($n$) | After Meiosis I and Meiosis II |
Additional Information on Oogenesis and Follicular Development
Oogenesis is a complex process involving both meiotic divisions of the germ cell and simultaneous development of the surrounding follicle. Follicular development is stimulated by hormones, primarily Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH).
- Follicle Stages: Primordial follicles are present from birth, containing a primary oocyte arrested in Meiosis I. These develop into primary, secondary, tertiary (antral), and finally Graafian (mature) follicles.
- Meiotic Arrests: The primary oocyte is arrested in Prophase I from fetal life until puberty. The secondary oocyte is arrested in Metaphase II until fertilization.
- Asymmetrical Cytokinesis: Meiosis I and Meiosis II in oogenesis are characterized by unequal cytokinesis, resulting in one large oocyte (secondary oocyte or ovum) and smaller polar bodies that degenerate. This ensures that the majority of cytoplasm and nutrients are retained by the developing egg.
- Hormonal Regulation: Oogenesis and follicular development are tightly regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, involving GnRH, FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone. The surge in Luteinizing Hormone (LH) triggers the completion of Meiosis I, ovulation, and the formation of the corpus luteum.
Understanding these interconnected processes provides a complete picture of how mature eggs are produced and released in the female reproductive system.
Important Questions from Human Reproduction
In humans, mammary gland is divided into __________ lobes.
Sex in human embryo is determined by:
Arrange the following stages of oogenesis in order of their occurrence:
(A) Ovum
(B) Oogonia
(C) Primary oocyte
(D) Secondary oocyte
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the ovary in the later phase of pregnancy?
Spermiogenesis is the process of formation of:
