BrahMos II is a ___________ currently under joint development by Russia's NPO Mashinostroyenia and India's Defence Research and Development Organisation.
Hypersonic cruise missile
Understanding BrahMos II: A Hypersonic Cruise Missile
The question asks us to identify the type of weapon system known as BrahMos II, which is being jointly developed by Russia's NPO Mashinostroyenia and India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).
Based on defence research and development programs, BrahMos II is known as a hypersonic cruise missile. This classification highlights its intended capability to travel at extremely high speeds, significantly faster than sound (Mach 5 and above).
What is a Hypersonic Cruise Missile?
A cruise missile is a guided missile that remains within the atmosphere and flies a significant portion of its flight path at approximately constant speed. Hypersonic means travelling at speeds of Mach 5 or higher. Combining these, a hypersonic cruise missile is a missile that travels at these extreme speeds throughout its cruise phase, making it very difficult to intercept.
Key characteristics often associated with hypersonic cruise missiles include:
- Extreme Speed: Speeds above Mach 5 (\(5 \times\) the speed of sound).
- Atmospheric Flight: Remains within the Earth's atmosphere for its flight path.
- Manoeuvrability: Capable of changing direction mid-flight, adding complexity for defence systems.
- High Kinetic Energy: The sheer speed gives it immense destructive potential.
BrahMos Program Overview
The BrahMos program is a collaboration between India and Russia. The name "BrahMos" is a portmanteau of the names of two rivers: the Brahmaputra of India and the Moskva of Russia.
- BrahMos I: The first missile developed under this joint venture. It is a supersonic cruise missile, meaning it travels faster than sound (Mach 2.8). It is already in service with the Indian armed forces.
- BrahMos II: This is the next generation, aiming for hypersonic speeds. Its development is complex and involves overcoming significant technical challenges, particularly related to materials that can withstand the extreme heat generated at hypersonic speeds and the propulsion system (like a scramjet engine).
Analysing the Options
Let's look at why the other options are not correct for BrahMos II:
- Main battle tank: This is a heavy armoured fighting vehicle designed for front-line combat. BrahMos II is a missile, not a vehicle.
- Light Combat Aircraft: This is a small, agile fighter jet. BrahMos II is a missile, not an aircraft.
- Subsonic cruise missile: A subsonic missile travels slower than the speed of sound (below Mach 1). While BrahMos I is supersonic (faster than sound but below hypersonic), BrahMos II is specifically being developed for hypersonic speeds, much faster than subsonic.
Therefore, based on the information about the joint development project and the known characteristics of BrahMos II, classifying it as a hypersonic cruise missile is accurate.
| Missile Type | Speed | BrahMos I | BrahMos II |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subsonic Cruise Missile | < Mach 1 | No | No |
| Supersonic Cruise Missile | Mach 1 to Mach 5 | Yes (\(\approx\) Mach 2.8) | No (designed for faster) |
| Hypersonic Cruise Missile | > Mach 5 | No | Target classification |
Revision Table: Key Defence Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cruise Missile | A guided missile that travels within the atmosphere, typically at a relatively constant altitude, targeting ground or sea targets. |
| Subsonic | Travelling at a speed below the speed of sound (Mach 1). |
| Supersonic | Travelling at a speed faster than the speed of sound (between Mach 1 and Mach 5). |
| Hypersonic | Travelling at a speed of Mach 5 or faster. |
| DRDO | Defence Research and Development Organisation (India). |
| NPO Mashinostroyenia | Machine-Building Association (Russia). |
Additional Information: Hypersonic Missile Technology
Developing hypersonic missiles like BrahMos II is a major focus for several countries due to their strategic advantages. The extreme speed makes them very hard for existing missile defence systems to track and intercept. Key technological challenges include:
- Aerodynamics: Controlling flight at extremely high speeds within the atmosphere.
- Propulsion: Developing engines like scramjets that can operate efficiently at hypersonic speeds.
- Materials: Creating structures and components that can withstand the intense heat and pressure generated by air friction at these speeds.
- Guidance and Control: Ensuring accurate targeting and navigation while travelling at such high velocities.
The successful development and deployment of BrahMos II would represent a significant technological leap for both India and Russia in the field of advanced missile systems.
Important Questions from Science Technology and Inventions
- Which one of the following statements with respect to Global Positioning System (GPS) is not correct?
Who among the following invented the powerloom that revolutionized the cotton textile industry?
Which one of the following is the name given to the Lander of Chandrayaan-2?
What was the name of the first artificial satellite launched by India in 1975?
Which of the following is the application of sciences such as physics, chemistry, biology, computer science and engineering to matters of law and to the identification of various facts of civilian investigation?
