Austin Flint Murmur Diagnosis
The Austin Flint murmur is a specific physical finding in cardiology, characterized by its sound and location.
Murmur Description
This murmur is typically a low-pitched, rumbling sound heard during diastole (when the heart muscle relaxes) best at the cardiac apex.
Pathophysiology
The murmur arises due to the hemodynamic effects of significant backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. This condition is known as Severe Aortic Regurgitation. The regurgitant jet hits the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve, causing it to bulge toward the mitral valve orifice. This effectively creates a functional obstruction in the path of blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, generating the murmur.
Clinical Significance
The Austin Flint murmur is therefore a classic sign pointing towards the presence and severity of aortic regurgitation.
Important Questions from Heart Failure
High output cardiac failure is caused by which of the following diseases ?
1. Beri-beri
2. Severe anaemia
3. Thyrotoxicosis
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
- Kussmaul's sign is present in all of the following conditions, EXCEPT:
- Which of the following electro-cardio-graphic findings are manifestations of digitalis intoxication?
1. Ventricular bigeminy
2. Ventricular tachycardia
3. Atrial flutter
4. Atrial tachycardia with variable block
Select the correct answer using the code given below: - A 35-year-old labourer worker consulted a local medical practitioner for recurrent attack of chest pain. His elder brother had similar complaint and died at the age of 40 years. The labourer worker was advised to take sublingual nitroglycerin at the time of chest pain. But after taking nitroglycerin, the chest pain increased in intensity. Which one of the following is most likely ?
- The treatment of choice for a 32 year old male patient of severe mitral stenosis (Rheumatic) with thickened and calcified valves on echocardiography is:
