At the Yalta Conference, the 'Big Three' decided to organise a United Nations Conference on the proposed world organisation. The 'Big Three' stood for :
Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin
Understanding the Yalta Conference and the 'Big Three'
The question asks about the 'Big Three' who attended the Yalta Conference and decided to organize a United Nations Conference. The Yalta Conference was a significant meeting during World War II held in February 1945.
Who were the 'Big Three' at Yalta?
The 'Big Three' refers to the three main Allied leaders who met at the Yalta Conference. These leaders represented the major Allied powers:
- The United States
- The United Kingdom
- The Soviet Union
These three nations played crucial roles in the Allied war effort against Nazi Germany and Japan.
Identifying the Leaders
At the time of the Yalta Conference in February 1945, the leaders of these three nations were:
- United States: President Franklin D. Roosevelt
- United Kingdom: Prime Minister Winston Churchill
- Soviet Union: Premier Joseph Stalin
These three individuals are collectively known as the 'Big Three' in the context of wartime conferences like Yalta and Tehran.
Decision on the United Nations Conference
One of the key outcomes of the Yalta Conference was the agreement by the 'Big Three' to convene a conference in San Francisco in April 1945 to draft the charter for the proposed world organization, which would become the United Nations. This decision was a crucial step towards establishing a post-war international body for maintaining peace and security.
Analyzing the Options
Let's examine the given options based on our identification of the 'Big Three' at Yalta:
| Option | Leaders Mentioned | Correctness Analysis |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Roosevelt, Churchill and Krushchev | Nikita Khrushchev became leader of the Soviet Union after Stalin's death. He was not present at Yalta. |
| 2 | Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin | Franklin D. Roosevelt was the US President, Winston Churchill was the UK Prime Minister, and Joseph Stalin was the Soviet Premier at the time of the Yalta Conference. These were the 'Big Three'. |
| 3 | Deng Xiaoping, Churchill and Stalin | Deng Xiaoping was a leader in China much later. China was not represented by him at the 'Big Three' level at Yalta. |
| 4 | Kennedy, Attlee and Stalin | John F. Kennedy became US President much later. Clement Attlee became UK Prime Minister shortly after the Yalta Conference (in July 1945), replacing Churchill for the Potsdam Conference. |
Based on the analysis, the leaders who constituted the 'Big Three' at the Yalta Conference were Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin.
Revision Table: Key Wartime Conferences
| Conference | Date | Location | Key Participants ('Big Three' or others) | Significant Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tehran Conference | Nov-Dec 1943 | Tehran, Iran | Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin | Planning the D-Day invasion (Operation Overlord), discussing post-war territorial arrangements. |
| Yalta Conference | Feb 1945 | Yalta, Crimea | Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin | Discussing post-war Germany, planning the final defeat of Japan, agreeing to form the United Nations. |
| Potsdam Conference | Jul-Aug 1945 | Potsdam, Germany | Truman, Attlee, Stalin | Discussing the administration of occupied Germany, setting terms for Japanese surrender (Potsdam Declaration). Note the change in US and UK leaders. |
Additional Information on the Yalta Conference
The Yalta Conference was held as victory over Germany seemed imminent. The 'Big Three' discussed critical issues concerning the post-war world order. Beyond the United Nations, major topics included:
- The division and occupation of post-war Germany.
- The future of Poland and other Eastern European countries.
- The Soviet Union's entry into the war against Japan.
- War reparations.
While the conference aimed at ensuring lasting peace, some agreements made at Yalta, particularly regarding Eastern Europe, became sources of tension in the subsequent Cold War period.
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