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Question

Arrange the 'Ladder of Citizen Participation' (Sherry Arnstein) in sequential order.
A. Manipulation and Therapy
B. Delegated power and citizen participation
C. Informing
D. Placation and partnership
E. Consultation
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

The correct answer is
A, C, E, D, B

The 'Ladder of Citizen Participation' is a model developed by Sherry Arnstein, which illustrates the levels of citizen engagement and the degree of citizen power in decision-making processes. This model is critical to understanding how public participation can range from non-participation to full citizen control.

Here is the correct sequential order of the 'Ladder of Citizen Participation':

  1. Manipulation and Therapy: These are at the bottom of the ladder and represent non-participation. The intent is not to enable people to participate in planning or conducting programs but to educate them or engineer support for a predetermined plan.
  2. Informing: This is the first step toward real participation. Citizens are informed of their rights, responsibilities, and options. However, it still lacks the provision for feedback and citizens lack the power to negotiate.
  3. Consultation: This level allows citizens to have some input into the decision-making process. Public hearings, surveys, and meetings are common forms of consultation. However, it still involves limited power for citizens as the decision-making authority rests with the powerholders.
  4. Placation and Partnership: These refer to achieving some degree of opinion leadership for citizens. Placation allows citizens to advise, but power holders retain the right to decide. Partnership is a more advanced level where citizens can negotiate and engage in trade-offs with power holders.
  5. Delegated Power and Citizen Control: At the top level, citizens gain significant decision-making power, including control over particular programs or institutions. Delegated power involves citizens having dominant decision-making authority.

From the given options, the correct sequential order is:

A, C, E, D, B

This arrangement accurately reflects Arnstein's ladder from the least amount of citizen power to the most.

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Important Questions from Democracy

  1. Which of the following statements are NOT correct regarding the concept of democracy?

    I. Society based on an equal opportunity

    II. Protection of minority rights by placing checks on majority rule

    III. Rule by the rich and advantaged people

  2. Which of the following cannot be considered as the characteristics of democracy?

  3. Which of the following statement is correct regarding the representative democracy?

    I. It is an indirect form of democracy.

    II. Presidential democracy is a type of representative democracy

    III. There are more presidential democracies around the world than parliamentary democracies.

  4. _______ is the idea that questions about human behaviour can be ascertained only through controlled systematic observations in the real world.

  5. Consider the following features: 1. Consent of the governed 2. Political equality 3. Accountability of the ruled to the ruler. Which of the above features outline democratic rule?

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