Chronological Order of Indian Historical Events

Let's determine the chronological order of the given significant events in Indian history. Understanding the timeline of these events is crucial for comprehending India's freedom struggle.

The events are:

1. Champaran Satyagraha against indigo plantation
2. Starting of non-cooperation Khilafat movement
3. Rowlatt Satyagraha
4. Arrival of Simon commission in India

To arrange these events chronologically, we need to know their respective years:

• Champaran Satyagraha: This was Mahatma Gandhi's first satyagraha in India, occurring in 1917.
• Rowlatt Satyagraha: This movement was launched against the repressive Rowlatt Act in 1919.
• Starting of non-cooperation Khilafat movement: The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched in 1920. The Khilafat movement, which merged with it, also gained momentum around this time.
• Arrival of Simon commission: The Simon Commission arrived in India in 1928.

Now, let's arrange these events based on their years:

1. 1917: Champaran Satyagraha (Event 1)
2. 1919: Rowlatt Satyagraha (Event 3)
3. 1920: Starting of non-cooperation Khilafat movement (Event 2)
4. 1928: Arrival of Simon commission in India (Event 4)

Thus, the correct chronological order of the events is 1 > 3 > 2 > 4.

Comparing this order with the given options, we find that the sequence 1-3-2-4 matches one of the choices.

Revision Table: Indian History Events

Additional Information on Key Events

Let's look closer at each event to understand its significance:

Champaran Satyagraha (1917)

The Champaran Satyagraha was the first major intervention by Mahatma Gandhi in Indian politics after his return from South Africa. It was a farmer's uprising in the Champaran district of Bihar against the indigo planters, who were mostly European. The farmers were forced to grow indigo under oppressive conditions. Gandhi used the method of non-violent protest (Satyagraha) effectively to address the grievances of the peasants, leading to a significant victory and establishing him as a leader of the masses.

Rowlatt Satyagraha (1919)

The Rowlatt Act was passed by the British government to curb political activities. It allowed the detention of political prisoners without trial for two years. Gandhi called for a nationwide protest against this unjust law. The Rowlatt Satyagraha was intended to be a non-violent civil disobedience movement. However, protests turned violent in some areas, most notably leading to the tragic Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar.

Non-Cooperation Khilafat Movement (1920-1922)

The Non-Cooperation Movement was a mass protest against British rule in India launched by Mahatma Gandhi. It aimed to resist British occupation through non-violent means. It was coupled with the Khilafat Movement, which was led by Indian Muslims to support the Ottoman Caliphate, seen as a symbol of unity for the Muslim world, against the British and their allies after World War I. The combined movement saw widespread participation but was eventually called off by Gandhi after the Chauri Chaura incident.

Arrival of Simon Commission (1928)

The Simon Commission was a group of seven British Members of Parliament sent to India to study constitutional reform. A major point of contention was that the commission had no Indian members, leading to widespread protests across the country. Indians saw this as an insult and boycotted the commission with the slogan "Simon Go Back." The protests played a significant role in intensifying the demand for self-rule.