Anticipatory socialization is a sociological concept that describes the process by which individuals prepare for future changes in their roles or social positions. This process takes place as individuals adopt the behaviors, values, and norms of a group to which they aspire to belong, even before they join it.

Let's analyze each option to understand which type of behavior is associated with anticipatory socialization:

• Family behavior: While family dynamics can affect socialization, anticipatory socialization typically involves preparation for roles outside the family unit.
• Schooling behavior: Schooling provides education and socialization but primarily focuses on current roles rather than future aspirations in different social groups.
• Playgroup behavior: This usually relates to early childhood social interactions and is not specifically focused on future social positions.
• Reference group behavior: This is the correct answer. Reference groups are groups that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their behaviors. People often model their behavior and aspirations after these groups in preparation for potentially joining or achieving similar status, making this process the core of anticipatory socialization.

In conclusion, anticipatory socialization takes place due to reference group behavior, as individuals strive to align themselves with the norms and behaviors of a group they desire to join or emulate.