Understanding Letter Analogies and Patterns

This question involves letter analogy, where the relationship between the letters in one pair is the same as the relationship in another pair. We need to figure out this relationship based on the English alphabetical order and apply it to the third term to find its related term.

Analyzing the First Pair: ADEC to GJKI

Let's look at the position of each letter in the English alphabet:

• A is the 1st letter
• D is the 4th letter
• E is the 5th letter
• C is the 3rd letter

And for GJKI:

• G is the 7th letter
• J is the 10th letter
• K is the 11th letter
• I is the 9th letter

Now, let's compare the positions of the corresponding letters:

• A (1) to G (7): The difference is ${7 - 1 = 6}$. This can be written as ${1 \xrightarrow{+6} 7}$.
• D (4) to J (10): The difference is ${10 - 4 = 6}$. This can be written as ${4 \xrightarrow{+6} 10}$.
• E (5) to K (11): The difference is ${11 - 5 = 6}$. This can be written as ${5 \xrightarrow{+6} 11}$.
• C (3) to I (9): The difference is ${9 - 3 = 6}$. This can be written as ${3 \xrightarrow{+6} 9}$.

The pattern observed here is that each letter in ADEC is shifted forward by 6 positions in the alphabet to get the corresponding letter in GJKI.

Analyzing the Second Pair: HKLJ to NQRP

Let's verify if the same pattern holds for the second pair. Alphabetical positions:

• H is the 8th letter
• K is the 11th letter
• L is the 12th letter
• J is the 10th letter

And for NQRP:

• N is the 14th letter
• Q is the 17th letter
• R is the 18th letter
• P is the 16th letter

Comparing the positions:

• H (8) to N (14): ${14 - 8 = 6}$. This is ${8 \xrightarrow{+6} 14}$.
• K (11) to Q (17): ${17 - 11 = 6}$. This is ${11 \xrightarrow{+6} 17}$.
• L (12) to R (18): ${18 - 12 = 6}$. This is ${12 \xrightarrow{+6} 18}$.
• J (10) to P (16): ${16 - 10 = 6}$. This is ${10 \xrightarrow{+6} 16}$.

The pattern is consistent: adding 6 to the alphabetical position of each letter.

Applying the Pattern to MPQO

Now, we apply the same logic to the term MPQO to find its related term. Alphabetical positions:

• M is the 13th letter
• P is the 16th letter
• Q is the 17th letter
• O is the 15th letter

Shift each letter forward by 6 positions:

• M (13) + 6 = 19. The 19th letter is S.
• P (16) + 6 = 22. The 22nd letter is V.
• Q (17) + 6 = 23. The 23rd letter is W.
• O (15) + 6 = 21. The 21st letter is U.

Combining these letters, we get SVWU.

Conclusion

Following the same logic based on the English alphabetical order, MPQO is related to SVWU.

Revision Table: Alphabetical Order Logic

Additional Information: Letter Coding Principles

Letter coding and analogies are common types of questions in reasoning tests. They often involve shifting letters based on their alphabetical positions. Here are some common principles:

• Constant Shift: Every letter is shifted forward or backward by the same number of positions (like in this question).
• Incremental Shift: The shift value increases or decreases for consecutive letters (e.g., +1, +2, +3, ...).
• Decremental Shift: The shift value decreases for consecutive letters (e.g., +3, +2, +1).
• Reverse Alphabetical Order: Sometimes the relationship involves using the alphabet backward (Z=1, Y=2, etc.).
• Vowel/Consonant Logic: The rule might apply differently to vowels and consonants.
• Position Swap: Letters within the word might be swapped or reversed.

To solve these problems, it's helpful to know the alphabetical position of each letter or have a quick way to reference them.