The question asks about when the operating system (OS) in the active portion is loaded into the system.

Active Portion Operating System Loading

The active portion of an operating system refers to the core components and essential files that are currently running or loaded into the computer's main memory (RAM) to manage the system's operations. When we talk about an operating system being loaded, it means its essential parts are brought into memory so the computer can function.

Operating System Load Timing: Start vs. Reset

Let's analyze the scenarios mentioned:

• Starting the system: When you turn on a computer or power it up from a completely off state, this process is called booting or starting. During this process, the system performs initial hardware checks (POST - Power-On Self-Test), and then a special program called a bootloader takes over. The bootloader finds the operating system files on the storage device and loads the OS kernel and other necessary components into the RAM. This makes the operating system active.
• Resetting the system: Resetting a system, often called rebooting or restarting, also initiates a process similar to starting. Whether it's a warm boot (like clicking 'Restart') or a cold boot (powering off and then on), the system typically goes through a sequence that involves reloading the operating system. The OS kernel and its active components are loaded into memory again.

Therefore, the operating system's active portion is loaded into memory both when you start the system from an off state and when you reset the system.