To solve this problem, we need to identify the percentage of the total Scheduled Tribe (ST) population of India that resides in Madhya Pradesh, as per the Census of 2011.

1. The Census of 2011 provides detailed demographic data concerning the population distributions across various states, including the Scheduled Tribes in India.
2. Madhya Pradesh is known for having a significant population of Scheduled Tribes. However, we need to determine how this population percentage compares relative to the entire ST population in India.
3. According to the Census of 2011, Madhya Pradesh accounted for 14.69% of India's total Scheduled Tribe population.

Let’s analyze the options given:

• 31.84: This percentage is too high for Madhya Pradesh considering the total ST population spread across India.
• 29.25: Again, this percentage is unreasonably high for just one state when looking at the national distribution.
• 28.16: Still too high, not a supportive figure according to the Census data.
• 14.69: This option aligns exactly with the data provided by the Census 2011, accurately indicating the state’s portion of the national ST population.

Thus, the correct answer is 14.69%. This reflects Madhya Pradesh's proportion of the Scheduled Tribe population in the whole country as per the 2011 Census data.