According to Celestin Bougle, the spirit of the caste system is determined by the mutual repulsion that exists between castes. Identify TWO different aspects in which such mutual repulsion is manifested:
Bougle's Caste Spirit: Mutual Repulsion
Celestin Bougle viewed the essence of the caste system as stemming from mutual repulsion between castes. This principle dictates social separation and interaction rules.
Manifestations of Mutual Repulsion
Bougle identified specific practices that embody this mutual repulsion. Two key manifestations highlighted are:
- Endogamy: The strict rule of marrying only within one's specific caste or sub-caste. This practice prevents social mixing and reinforces group boundaries, reflecting repulsion between different caste groups.
- Commensal Restrictions: These involve limitations on sharing food, water, or dining with members of other castes. Such restrictions signify social distance and avoidance, directly illustrating the concept of mutual repulsion.
Analysis of Other Options
The other options are not direct manifestations of Bougle's concept of mutual repulsion:
- Upward mobility: This relates to changing social status, generally limited within the rigid caste framework and not a primary expression of inter-caste repulsion.
- Westernization: This refers to broader cultural and social changes influenced by the West, which is a different phenomenon from the inherent social distance between castes.
Important Questions from Indian Structure: Caste–Class–Tribe
Match the following authors in Column I with their books on caste in Column II.
Column I Column II Author Book M Mukul Sharma 1 Caste Pride N Joel Lee 2 Deceptive Majority O Manoj Mitta 3 The Oxford Handbook of Caste P Surinder Jodhka 4 Caste and Nature Match the following scholars in Column I and their contributions in Column II.
Column I Column II Scholar Contribution M Prem Chowdhry 1 Dalit feminist standpoint position N Sharmila Rege 2 Yuganta O Irawati Karve 3 Gender and land rights in South Asia P Beena Agarwal 4 Caste and gender formation in Haryana - Which of the following statement(s) about tribes is/are CORRECT?
Which of the following proposition(s) is/are part of the argument that B. R. Ambedkar makes in his Caste in India: Their Mechanism, Genesis and Development
- Much before M. N. Srinivas' concept of ‘sanskritisation', which of the following scholar(s) framed caste as a process of imitation and social closure?
