Document Classification by C.W. Hanson

This question delves into the classification of different types of documents, specifically asking how an "encyclopaedia article on a subject" is categorized according to the framework proposed by C.W. Hanson. Grasping these distinctions is fundamental for effective research and navigating the field of information science.

Defining Document Types

In information science, documents are generally classified based on their relationship to the original source of information or event. The common categories include:

• Primary Documents: These represent original, firsthand materials or direct evidence about a topic, event, person, or creative work. They originate from the time period under study or are created by individuals who directly experienced or witnessed the subject matter. Classic examples encompass diaries, personal letters, interviews, raw research data, original photographs, and speeches.
• Secondary Documents: These documents offer analysis, interpretation, or synthesis derived from primary sources. They are typically created after the events or time periods they discuss have concluded. Common examples are textbooks, biographies, scholarly articles analyzing historical events, and critical essays.
• Tertiary Documents: These sources compile, index, or organize information gathered from both primary and secondary sources. Their main purpose is often to provide summaries, overviews, or navigational aids to other resources. Examples include encyclopaedias, dictionaries, indexes, and directories.

Hanson Classification: Encyclopaedia Articles

Following the specific classification presented in the question, an "encyclopaedia article on a subject" is identified as a Primary Document. While standard library science often classifies encyclopaedias as tertiary sources due to their nature of summarizing and synthesizing information from numerous primary and secondary materials, there are specific research contexts where an encyclopaedia article can function as a primary source.

Such contexts include research focused on:

• Studying the historical presentation and evolution of a subject's knowledge base at a particular time.
• Analyzing the dissemination and development of information or understanding over time.
• Examining the specific content, bias, or editorial perspective inherent within the encyclopaedia itself as a cultural or intellectual artifact.

In these specialized research endeavors, the encyclopaedia article acts as direct evidence, reflecting the knowledge and viewpoints held or curated by its authors and editors at the time of its publication.

Primary Document Classification

Therefore, within the framework defined by the question and its indicated correct answer, an encyclopaedia article is classified as a Primary Document, primarily when examined for its historical context or its role in shaping contemporary understanding.