Read the following passages and respond to the questions that follow each passage. Your responses should be based on the passages. Hyderabad sits nestled amongst one of the oldest rock systems of the world. These granite rocks are 2500 million years old. Rain, sun and wind have for aeons, through their collective and continuous physical and chemical actions, worked them into weird shapes. Some appear perched upon each other so precariously that you feel some giant-children playing at house making must have kept them there. From times immemorial they have stayed like that without tumbling down. They will remain like that long after we are gone. Golconda Fort was once a mere hillock, a hump of a giant camel, a mass of scattered misshapen granite. It was sheer wilderness. There cow and goatherds used to graze cattle and sheep belonging to the nearby villages. It was so popular with graziers that it took the name of 'hillock of the graziers' - Golla Konda in Telugu, the local language. Golla Konda later on became 'Golconda'. Hyderabad is the daughter of Golconda Fort which stands in ruins now, eight kilometres away from the centre of the city. The fort was built about a thousand years ago, during the Kakatiya rule (AD 1000 - 1321) which had its capital at Warangal - a city about 150 kilometres to the north of Hyderabad. Rudramba Devi, queen of the Kakatiya dynasty, ruled for 34 years from AD 1262 to 1296. She withstood the combined attacks of the Pandyas, the Yadavas and the Hoysalas with the help of her grandson, Prataparudradeva who succeeded her (AD 1296 - 1323). He too was an illustrious ruler but was subjected to repeated attacks by the Sultans of Delhi: there were five during the two decades after AD 1303. Finally, he was defeated by Ulugh Khan, imprisoned and taken prisoner to Delhi. On the way he committed suicide. Ulugh Khan later became the Sultan of Hindustan, and is known as Mohammad Tughlaq. Since his empire had extended to the south, Delhi was no longer the centre of political gravity. He, therefore, ordered that the capital of India be shifted from Delhi to Daulatabad. For two decades this city remained the capital of India.
About Rudramba Devi, we learn that: a. She belonged to the Kakatiya dynasty. b. The Pandyas and the Yadavas attacked her one after another. c. Her grandson helped the Hoysalas. d. Prataparudra defeated her and became king.
Only a
Analyzing Statements About Rudramba Devi from the Passage
The question asks us to evaluate several statements about Rudramba Devi based solely on the provided passage. Let's examine each statement carefully and compare it with the information given in the text.
We are given four statements about Rudramba Devi:
- a. She belonged to the Kakatiya dynasty.
- b. The Pandyas and the Yadavas attacked her one after another.
- c. Her grandson helped the Hoysalas.
- d. Prataparudra defeated her and became king.
Let's analyze each statement by referring back to the passage:
- Statement a: She belonged to the Kakatiya dynasty. The passage states, "Rudramba Devi, queen of the Kakatiya dynasty...". This explicitly confirms that she was part of the Kakatiya dynasty. Therefore, statement (a) is true according to the passage.
- Statement b: The Pandyas and the Yadavas attacked her one after another. The passage says, "She withstood the combined attacks of the Pandyas, the Yadavas and the Hoysalas...". The word "combined" suggests that the attacks from these groups happened together, not one after another. Thus, statement (b) is false based on the passage.
- Statement c: Her grandson helped the Hoysalas. The passage states, "She withstood the combined attacks of the Pandyas, the Yadavas and the Hoysalas with the help of her grandson, Prataparudradeva...". This means her grandson helped *her* (Rudramba Devi) against the attacks, including those by the Hoysalas, not that he helped the Hoysalas themselves. Therefore, statement (c) is false.
- Statement d: Prataparudra defeated her and became king. The passage mentions her grandson, Prataparudradeva, "who succeeded her (AD 1296 - 1323)". Succeeding someone implies taking their place after their reign or death, not necessarily by defeating them. The passage doesn't mention Prataparudra defeating Rudramba Devi. It simply says he succeeded her. Hence, statement (d) is false based on the information provided.
Based on the analysis, only statement (a) is true according to the passage.
Now let's look at the options provided:
- Option 1: Only a
- Option 2: Only a and b
- Option 3: Only a, b and c
- Option 4: All four
Our analysis showed that only statement (a) is true. This matches Option 1.
Therefore, the correct response regarding Rudramba Devi based on the passage is that only statement (a) is true.
Important Questions from Passage Based Questions
Read the following passage and answer the questions based on it.
As climate change affects seasonal patterns, water management and distribution become important. Rainwater harvesting has become particularly important in urban areas these days. This process involves collecting and storing rainwater for later use. It recovers groundwater levels, prevents water wastage during the monsoon, reduces soil erosion and helps in the availability of drinking water. Above all, it promotes the method of water conservation.
This paragraph supports which of the following statements the most?
A. Climate change has adversely affected humanity.
B. Forests help maintain groundwater levels.
C. Rainwater harvesting is the need of the hour.
D. There are not enough water reserves for urban areas.
In this question, a passage is given followed by a statement. Read the passage carefully and judge the statement based on the given passage.
China evolved a national working strategy to fight pollution. Under this, they placed a number of restrictions on the use of coal. Thermal power stations were shut down and people were not allowed to burn coal even for household consumption. Also, apart from creating norms for vehicular emissions, a number of precautionary measures that could keep air pollution in check were put in place. For the record, 1,37,000 people in China lost their lives because of PM 2.5 vehicular emissions just this year.
While it is true that Beijing’s air quality has improved, the government is far from achieving its targets. The Chinese government has acknowledged that pollution has not reduced to the extent that it was targeting in as many as 231 out of 338 Chinese cities. To overcome this, another three-year working strategy has been prepared.
Statement:
Thermal Power stations were shut down in China to fight pollution.
A - If the statement is definitely true.
B -If the statement is probably true.
C -If the statement cannot be determined.
D -If the statement is definitely false.
In this question, a passage is given followed by a statement. Read the passage carefully and judge the statement based on the given passage.
Farmers in Kerala have been facing great economic loss due to loss in life and reduction in milk yield due to Foot and mouth Disease every year. Besides this the State incurred large economic losses as a result of the inability to produce and ship processed animal products. It was estimated that the country is losing over Rs 4000 Crore annually due to FMD.Under these circumstances Government of Kerala took the stern decision to implement control of this dreaded disease in the State.
Since the State does not have the economic resources to implement such a large scale project on its own, it was decided to approach an external agency such as National Dairy Development Board to provide infrastructural and monetary support.Consequent to a series of discussions at Government level, NDDB agreed in principle to launch a joint venture programme to control Foot and Mouth Disease in the state.
Statement:
The state decide to approach an external agency to implement a large scale project of controlling FMD because the state wanted to give a chance to the external agencies.
Choose the appropriate one from the following options
A - If the statement is definitely true.
B -If the statement is probably true.
C -If the statement cannot be determined.
D -If the statement is definitely false.
In this question, a passage is given followed by a statement. Read the passage carefully and judge the statement based on the given passage.
For Binny Bansal, the end of his long run as co-founder of India’s most successful startup came Saturday when he began calling colleagues to say he was done. The 37-year-old was stunned that officials from Walmart Inc., his startup’s new owner, were probing details of an affair years earlier. An investigation found no evidence of wrongdoing. Nevertheless, a decade after he created e-commerce leader Flipkart, he was calling to say goodbye.
His ouster, announced Tuesday from Walmart’s hometown of Bentonville, Ark., left workers at Flipkart, half a world away in Bangalore, stunned and struggling to make sense of the cryptic explanation. They worried about Walmart’s motivations and wondered if other Flipkart leaders would exit.
Statement:
Flipkart is one of India's most successful startups.
Choose
A - If the statement is definitely true.
B -If the statement is probably true.
C -If the statement cannot be determined
D -If the statement is definitely false.
Which of the following inferences can be drawn from the above excerpt?
