Read the following passages and respond to the questions that follow each passage. Your responses should be based on the passages. Hyderabad sits nestled amongst one of the oldest rock systems of the world. These granite rocks are 2500 million years old. Rain, sun and wind have for aeons, through their collective and continuous physical and chemical actions, worked them into weird shapes. Some appear perched upon each other so precariously that you feel some giant-children playing at house making must have kept them there. From times immemorial they have stayed like that without tumbling down. They will remain like that long after we are gone. Golconda Fort was once a mere hillock, a hump of a giant camel, a mass of scattered misshapen granite. It was sheer wilderness. There cow and goatherds used to graze cattle and sheep belonging to the nearby villages. It was so popular with graziers that it took the name of 'hillock of the graziers' - Golla Konda in Telugu, the local language. Golla Konda later on became 'Golconda'. Hyderabad is the daughter of Golconda Fort which stands in ruins now, eight kilometres away from the centre of the city. The fort was built about a thousand years ago, during the Kakatiya rule (AD 1000 - 1321) which had its capital at Warangal - a city about 150 kilometres to the north of Hyderabad. Rudramba Devi, queen of the Kakatiya dynasty, ruled for 34 years from AD 1262 to 1296. She withstood the combined attacks of the Pandyas, the Yadavas and the Hoysalas with the help of her grandson, Prataparudradeva who succeeded her (AD 1296 - 1323). He too was an illustrious ruler but was subjected to repeated attacks by the Sultans of Delhi: there were five during the two decades after AD 1303. Finally, he was defeated by Ulugh Khan, imprisoned and taken prisoner to Delhi. On the way he committed suicide. Ulugh Khan later became the Sultan of Hindustan, and is known as Mohammad Tughlaq. Since his empire had extended to the south, Delhi was no longer the centre of political gravity. He, therefore, ordered that the capital of India be shifted from Delhi to Daulatabad. For two decades this city remained the capital of India.
About Hyderabad, the passage states that: a. It was built about a thousand years ago. b. It was built during the Kakatiya rule. c. It came into existence after Golconda was built. d. It is to the south of Warangal.
Only c and d are correct
Analyzing Statements About Hyderabad Based on the Passage
The passage provides information about the history of Golconda Fort and its relationship with Hyderabad. We need to examine each statement about Hyderabad given in the question and check if it is supported by the text.
Statement Analysis:
-
Statement a: It was built about a thousand years ago.
The passage states, "Golconda Fort was built about a thousand years ago". It also says, "Hyderabad is the daughter of Golconda Fort". While Golconda is a thousand years old, the passage does not state that Hyderabad itself was built at the same time. Being the 'daughter' implies it came into existence later.
-
Statement b: It was built during the Kakatiya rule.
The passage mentions that Golconda Fort was built during the Kakatiya rule (AD 1000 - 1321). However, it identifies Hyderabad as the "daughter of Golconda Fort". This phrasing suggests Hyderabad's origin is linked to, but likely post-dates, the construction of Golconda Fort, and possibly falls outside or at the very end of the Kakatiya period, not necessarily built *during* the Kakatiya rule itself in the same way the fort was.
-
Statement c: It came into existence after Golconda was built.
The passage clearly states, "Hyderabad is the daughter of Golconda Fort". This strongly implies a lineage or origin that occurs *after* the existence of the 'parent', Golconda Fort. Therefore, Hyderabad came into existence after Golconda was built.
-
Statement d: It is to the south of Warangal.
The passage states that Warangal is "a city about 150 kilometres to the north of Hyderabad". If Warangal is to the north of Hyderabad, then conversely, Hyderabad must be to the south of Warangal.
Conclusion based on the Passage:
Based on the analysis of the passage:
- Statement a is not supported by the text.
- Statement b is not explicitly supported by the text in the context of "daughter of Golconda".
- Statement c is supported by the text ("Hyderabad is the daughter of Golconda Fort").
- Statement d is supported by the text ("Warangal - a city about 150 kilometres to the north of Hyderabad").
Therefore, only statements c and d are correct according to the information provided in the passage.
Important Questions from Passage Based Questions
- In this question, a passage is given followed by a statement. Read the passage carefully and judge the statement based on the given passage.
The Sahara's environment requires that the wildlife adapt to hyper-arid conditions, fierce winds, intense heat and wide temperature swings. In the Sahara, most mammals are relatively small, which helps to minimize water loss. They often meet their water needs from their diets. They take refuge in burrows during the day, hunting and foraging primarily at night, when temperatures are lower. They have developed anatomical adaptations such as the fennec fox's large ears, which help dissipate heat, and its hairy soles, which protect its feet. Altogether, the Sahara hosts some 70 species of mammals, 90 species of resident birds, 100 species of reptiles, and numerous species of arthropods. The wildlife is concentrated primarily along the less severe northern and southern margins and near desert water sources.
Statement:
The animals in the Sahara adapt to extreme dry conditions.
Choose the appropriate one from the following options
A - The statement is definitely true.
B - The statement is probably true.
C - The statement cannot be determined.
D - The statement is definitely false. In this question, a passage is given followed by a statement. Read the passage carefully and judge the statement based on the given passage.
This is a tremendous opportunity for the current side, arguably the most hyped India Test team of the modern era. In its past eight Tests outside Asia, this team has won two Tests and lost six. Redemption is needed. And Australia is the best place to seek it. The circumstances are different this time around.
No touring side in recent memory has had a better sniff at winning a series in Australia. This is not the rampant Australia of Steve Waugh and Ricky Ponting, the teams that swept aside all before them, and were terrors to play against on their home soil.
The current Australia team has lost three of the last five Test series it has played. Australia is enfeebled by the absence of their two best batsmen, Steve Smith and David Warner, both serving suspensions.Statement:
The author mentions 'Steve Waugh and Ricky Ponting' in this passage to express how strong the Australian team was before.Choose the appropriate one from the following options
A -The statement is definitely true
B -The statement is probably true
C -The statement is cannot be determined
D -The statement is definitely false- In this question, a passage is given followed by a statement. Read the passage carefully and judge the statement based on the given passage.
The Sahara's environment requires that the wildlife adapt to hyper-arid conditions, fierce winds, intense heat and wide temperature swings. In the Sahara, most mammals are relatively small, which helps to minimize water loss. They often meet their water needs from their diets. They take refuge in burrows during the day, hunting and foraging primarily at night, when temperatures are lower. They have developed anatomical adaptations such as the fennec fox's large ears, which help dissipate heat, and its hairy soles, which protect its feet. Altogether, the Sahara hosts some 70 species of mammals, 90 species of resident birds, 100 species of reptiles, and numerous species of arthropods. The wildlife is concentrated primarily along the less severe northern and southern margins and near desert water sources.
Statement:
The fennec foxes have hairy soles which help in dissipating heat.
Choose the appropriate one from the following options
A - The statement is definitely true.
B - The statement is probably true.
C - The statement cannot be determined.
D - The statement is definitely false. The Sahara's environment requires that the wildlife adapt to hyper-arid conditions, fierce winds, intense heat and wide temperature swings. In the Sahara, most mammals are relatively small, which helps to minimize water loss. They often meet their water needs from their diets. They take refuge in burrows during the day, hunting and foraging primarily at night, when temperatures are lower. They have developed anatomical adaptations such as the fennec fox's large ears, which help dissipate heat, and its hairy soles, which protect its feet. Altogether, the Sahara hosts some 70 species of mammals, 90 species of resident birds, 100 species of reptiles, and numerous species of arthropods. The wildlife is concentrated primarily along the less severe northern and southern margins and near desert water sources.
Statement:
The small size of the mammals in the Sahara is helpful in minimizing water loss.
Choose the appropriate one from the following options
A - The statement is definitely true.
B - The statement is probably true.
C - The statement cannot be determined.
D - The statement is definitely false.
In this question, a passage is given followed by a statement. Read the passage carefully and judge the statement based on the given passage.
This will probably make you want to visit Luxembourg on your next family vacation: The tiny EU country is seeking to make travel free on its trains, trams and buses as part of efforts to reduce traffic congestion and air pollution. The re-elected coalition government of liberal Prime Minister Xavier Bettel said "free public transport will be introduced in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg's territory" from early 2020.
Georges Merenz, who heads the FNCTTFEL-Landesverband, Luxembourg's main transport union, expressed concerns that the government plan would lead to job losses if nobody was needed to sell tickets. "As long as it is not cleared up, we cannot accept that," Merenz told AFP. He added he was also concerned people in rural areas would not benefit from free travel.
Statement:
The government of Luxembourg is concerned about traffic congestion and air pollution.
Choose the appropriate one from the following options
A -The statement is definitely true
B -The statement is probably true
C -The statement is cannot be determined
D -The statement is definitely false
