Understanding and Calculating Intelligence Quotient (I.Q.)

The question asks us to calculate the Intelligence Quotient (I.Q.) of a student given their chronological age and mental age. The Intelligence Quotient is a measure designed to assess the intelligence of an individual.

What is I.Q.?

I.Q. stands for Intelligence Quotient. It is a score derived from one of several standardized tests designed to assess human intelligence.

Key Concepts: Mental Age and Chronological Age

• Mental Age (MA): This refers to the age level at which an individual is functioning intellectually. If a 10-year-old performs intellectual tasks at the level of an average 12-year-old, their mental age is 12.
• Chronological Age (CA): This is the individual's actual age in years and months since birth.

The Formula for I.Q. Calculation

The most commonly used formula to calculate I.Q., especially in earlier tests like the Binet-Simon scale, is:

\(\text{I.Q.} = \frac{\text{Mental Age (MA)}}{\text{Chronological Age (CA)}} \times 100\)

This formula expresses intelligence as a ratio, multiplied by 100 to remove the decimal point.

Applying the Formula to the Given Data

We are given the following information about the student:

• Chronological Age (CA) = 10 years
• Mental Age (MA) = 12 years

Now, we can plug these values into the I.Q. formula:

\(\text{I.Q.} = \frac{12 \text{ years}}{10 \text{ years}} \times 100\)

Let's perform the calculation step-by-step:

1. Divide the Mental Age by the Chronological Age: \( \frac{12}{10} = 1.2 \)
2. Multiply the result by 100: \( 1.2 \times 100 = 120 \)

So, the student's I.Q. is 120.

Conclusion

Based on the calculation using the mental age and chronological age, the student's I.Q. is 120.