Only P's drink and S's age
Rule Analysis
The rule states: If a person is drinking beer, then they must be over 18 years old. This can be represented logically as: Drinking Beer $\implies$ Age > 18.
To ensure this rule is followed, we need to check cases that could potentially violate it. This involves checking the contrapositive form of the rule as well: If a person is not over 18 (i.e., Age $\le$ 18), then they must not be drinking beer (i.e., not Drinking Beer).
Checking Each Person
- P: P is 16 years old (Age $\le$ 18). P is not mentioned as drinking beer. To verify the rule, we must check what P is drinking to ensure P is *not* drinking beer.
- Q: Q is 25 years old (Age > 18). Q is not mentioned as drinking beer. This situation does not violate the rule, as the rule only mandates age for those drinking beer.
- R: R is drinking milkshake (not beer). This does not fall under the scope of the rule, which specifically applies to drinking beer.
- S: S is drinking a beer (Drinking Beer). According to the rule, S must be over 18. Therefore, S's age must be checked.
Required Checks
Based on the analysis:
- We must check S's age because S is drinking beer.
- We must check P's drink to confirm P is not drinking beer, as P is underage (16).
Therefore, the checks needed are P's drink and S's age.
Important Questions from Logical Deduction
- The following observation is made about the scores obtained by 100 students in an exam:
'For each student, there exists another student in the class such that their scores are at most ten marks away.'
If the above statement is false, which one of the following statements is necessarily true? - Consider the following two phonological rules:
Rule 1: Vowel Epenthesis of [ɪ] after sibilant-ending stems
Rule 2: Progressive Voicing Assimilation of the plural affix
Which ONE of the following rule ordering relations apply in the case of regular English pluralization as in ‘horse’ – ‘horses’? Consider a linear arrangement of seven bulbs, each of which can be in the ON or OFF states. The initial configuration of the bulbs is shown in the figure. In every Step, the states of the bulbs are changed based on the following rules:
- Any OFF bulb with exactly one ON neighbor at the end of the previous Step is turned ON.
- Any ON bulb with both neighbors ON at the end of the previous Step is turned OFF.
- The state of any bulb not meeting the conditions above is left unchanged.
The state of bulbs at the end of Step 1 and Step 2 are also shown in the figure.
The number of bulbs which are ON at the end of Step 8 is ______
- Based only on the conversation below, identify the logically correct inference:
“Even if I had known that you were in the hospital, I would not have gone there to see you", Ramya told Josephine. Consider a five-digit number PQRST that has distinct digits P, Q, R, S and T, and satisfies the following conditions:
$P < Q$
$S > P > T$
$R < T$
If integers 1 through 5 are used to construct such a number, the value of P is:
