A cross drainage structure in which the drain is taken over a canal, the canal water runs freely under gravity is -
Understanding different types of cross drainage structures is fundamental in hydraulic engineering. These structures are essential when a canal or drain needs to cross another natural drain or canal at a different level. The specific design depends on the relative levels of the canal and the drain, and the direction of flow.
Super Passage Definition and Function
A super passage is a specific type of cross drainage structure where a drain (or natural stream) is carried over a canal. In this arrangement, the water in the canal flows freely under gravity below the drain, without any obstruction or syphon action. This design is chosen when the bed level of the drain is significantly higher than the full supply level (FSL) of the canal.
- In a super passage, the drain is positioned above the canal.
- The canal water maintains its natural, free flow path underneath the drain.
- This structure is utilized when the drain's bed level is above the canal's full supply level.
- It ensures the uninterrupted flow of both the drain and the canal.
Distinguishing Super Passage from Other Cross Drainage Structures
It's important to differentiate a super passage from other related cross drainage structures to understand its unique characteristics:
| Structure Type | Description | Flow Condition |
|---|---|---|
| Super Passage | Drain is taken over the canal. | Canal water flows freely under gravity. |
| Aqueduct | Canal is taken over the drain. | Drain water flows freely under gravity. |
| Syphon Aqueduct | Canal is taken over the drain, but the drain flows under syphon action (pressure). | Drain flows under pressure, canal flows freely. |
| Syphon or Canal Syphon | Drain is taken under the canal, but the canal flows under syphon action (pressure). | Canal flows under pressure, drain flows freely. |
| Level Crossing | Canal and drain intersect at the same level. | Both flows are intermingled; regulatory structures are needed. |
Based on the question's description: "A cross drainage structure in which the drain is taken over a canal, the canal water runs freely under gravity is -", the definition perfectly matches that of a super passage.
Important Questions from Cross Drainage Works
When the HFL of the drain is sufficiently below the bottom of the canal, so that the drainage water flows freely under gravity, the structure is known as _______
The velocity of drainage water in the barrels of syphon aqueduct is normally limited to
______ is a passage for water over a natural ground having a deck slab over it as path way for vehicles.
The distance between bottom of the bridge super structure and H.F.L is known as____.
If the path of an irrigation canal is below the bed level of a natural stream, the type of cross drainage structure provided is
