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Question

A Class-A pan was setup adjacent to a lake for measuring evaporation losses in the lake. The depth of water in the pan at the beginning of a certain week was $250 \text{ mm}$. In that week, there was a rainfall event with $10 \text{ mm}$ depth. Water depth in the pan at the end of the week was $240 \text{ mm}$. The pan coefficient is $0.8$. 
The estimated lake evaporation during the week was _________ mm (an integer value).

Class-A Pan Evaporation Calculation

This problem involves calculating lake evaporation using measurements from a Class-A evaporation pan and applying a pan coefficient.

Given Evaporation Data

  • Initial water depth in pan: $250 \text{ mm}$
  • Rainfall during the week: $10 \text{ mm}$
  • Final water depth in pan: $240 \text{ mm}$
  • Pan coefficient ($K_P$): $0.8$

Pan Evaporation Calculation

First, determine the actual evaporation from the pan ($E_P$). The change in water level accounts for both evaporation and rainfall.

Change in pan water level: $\Delta h = \text{Initial Depth} - \text{Final Depth}$

$\Delta h = 250 \text{ mm} - 240 \text{ mm} = 10 \text{ mm}$

The pan evaporation is calculated using the relationship:

$E_P - \text{Rainfall} = \Delta h$

Substituting the known values:

$E_P - 10 \text{ mm} = 10 \text{ mm}$

Solving for $E_P$:

$E_P = 10 \text{ mm} + 10 \text{ mm} = 20 \text{ mm}$

Lake Evaporation Estimation

Next, estimate the lake evaporation ($E_L$) using the calculated pan evaporation ($E_P$) and the given pan coefficient ($K_P$).

Formula: $E_L = K_P \times E_P$

Substituting the values:

$E_L = 0.8 \times 20 \text{ mm}$

$E_L = 16 \text{ mm}$

Resulting Lake Evaporation

The estimated lake evaporation for the week is 16 mm.

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Important Questions from Evapotranspiration

  1. The crop period is divided into four stages, initial, grand growth, mid-season, and late-season, with each stage spanning 25 days. The crop coefficient varies linearly from $0.4$ at initial stage to $1.2$ at mid-season stage. The reference crop evapotranspiration on $40^{\text{th}}$ day is $8\text{ mm}$. The corresponding actual crop evapotranspiration (in mm) is ________ (Rounded off to two decimal places)
  2. Three geometrically identical Lysimeters (A, B and C) installed in a paddy field have uniform initial ponding depths of 12 cm. After a week, the recorded water depths in A, B and C are 10.4 cm, 8.6 cm, and 7.0 cm, respectively. Rainfall received during this week is 15 mm, and the crop coefficient of paddy is 0.94. Lysimeter 'A' has a closed bottom with no plant. Lysimeter 'B' has an open bottom with no plant. Lysimeter 'C' has an open bottom with paddy plants. Neglecting the boundary effects and groundwater contribution in the Lysimeters, the weekly potential evapotranspiration will be ________ cm.
  3. Lysimeter is an instrument used to measure the following process(es):
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