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Question

A block of mass $1$ kg connected to a spring of stiffness $10$ N m$^{-1}$ is operating in a viscous medium such that the damping ratio (or damping factor) is equal to the ratio of the damped frequency to the natural frequency. The magnitude of the damping ratio for this system is __________ (rounded off to 2 decimal places).

The problem involves a damped harmonic oscillator with the system's damping described by the damping ratio \( ζ \). In such systems, the damping ratio is defined as \( ζ = \frac{c}{c_c} \), where \( c \) is the damping coefficient, and \( c_c \) is the critical damping coefficient. It is given that the damping ratio is equal to the ratio of the damped frequency \( ω_d \) to the natural frequency \( ω_n \).
First, we compute the natural frequency \( ω_n \) as follows: \( ω_n = \sqrt{\frac{k}{m}} \), where \( k = 10 \) N/m and \( m = 1 \) kg. Substituting these values, we find:

\( ω_n = \sqrt{\frac{10}{1}} = \sqrt{10} \approx 3.16 \) rad/s.

The damped frequency \( ω_d \) for an underdamped system is given by \( ω_d = ω_n\sqrt{1-ζ^2} \). We have \( ζ = \frac{ω_d}{ω_n} \). Substituting this into the damped frequency formula, we get:

\( ω_d = ω_n\sqrt{1-ζ^2} = ζω_n \).

Dividing both sides by \( ω_n \),

\( ζ = \sqrt{1-ζ^2} \).

Squaring both sides, we have:

\( ζ^2 = 1-ζ^2 \).

Thus, \( 2ζ^2 = 1 \), giving \( ζ^2 = 0.5 \).

Hence, \( ζ = \sqrt{0.5} \approx 0.707 \).

The damping ratio rounded to two decimal places is \( ζ = 0.71 \). Verifying this within the provided range [0.7, 0.72], our calculated result \( 0.71 \) is indeed within the expected range.
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Important Questions from Damping Coefficient and Damping Ratio

  1. 6ẍ + 9ẋ + 27x = 0 is the equation of motion for a damped vibration. The damping factor shall be:
  2. Ratio of actual to critical damping coefficient in forced vibrations is known as ________.
  3. ______ is defined as the ratio of the actual damping coefficient to a critical damping coefficient.

  4. A spring-mass-damper system having single degree of freedom has a spring with strength 25 kN/m, mass 0.1 kg and coefficient of damping 40 N-s/m. The damping factor of the system will be

  5. The damping ratio for a viscously damped spring mass system, governed by the relationship is \(m\frac{{{d^2}x}}{{d{t^2}}} + c\frac{{dx}}{{dt}} + kx = F\) given by

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