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Question

\(\underbrace {{\rm{a}} + {\rm{a}} + {\rm{a}} + \ldots + {\rm{a}}}_{{\rm{n\;times}}} = {{\rm{a}}^2}{\rm{b\;}}\) and \(\underbrace {{\rm{b}} + {\rm{b}} + {\rm{b}} + \ldots + {\rm{b}}}_{{\rm{m\;times}}} = {\rm{a}}{{\rm{b}}^2}\), where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑛 and 𝑚 are natural numbers. What is the value of

\(\left( {\underbrace {{\rm{m}} + {\rm{m}} + {\rm{m}} + \ldots + {\rm{m}}}_{{\rm{n\;times}}}} \right)\left( {\underbrace {{\rm{n}} + {\rm{n}} + {\rm{n}} + \ldots + {\rm{n}}}_{{\rm{m\;times}}}} \right)?\)

The correct answer is

a4 b4

Algebraic Expression Analysis

The problem asks us to find the value of a complex expression given two initial equations involving sums of natural numbers. We need to simplify the given equations first to find relationships between the variables \({\rm{a}}\), \({\rm{b}}\), \({\rm{n}}\), and \({\rm{m}}\).

Understanding Given Equations

Let's break down the two equations provided:

  1. The first equation is \(\underbrace {{\rm{a}} + {\rm{a}} + {\rm{a}} + \ldots + {\rm{a}}}_{{\rm{n\;times}}} = {{\rm{a}}^2}{\rm{b}}\).
  2. The second equation is \(\underbrace {{\rm{b}} + {\rm{b}} + {\rm{b}} + \ldots + {\rm{b}}}_{{\rm{m\;times}}} = {\rm{a}}{{\rm{b}}^2}\).

Here, \({\rm{a}}\), \({\rm{b}}\), \({\rm{n}}\) and \({\rm{m}}\) are natural numbers. This means they are positive integers (1, 2, 3, ...).

Simplifying Initial Equations

Equation 1 Simplification

The sum of \({\rm{a}}\) added \({\rm{n}}\) times can be written as \({\rm{n}} \times {\rm{a}}\) or \({\rm{na}}\). So, the first equation becomes:

\[ {\rm{na}} = {{\rm{a}}^2}{\rm{b}} \]

Since \({\rm{a}}\) is a natural number, \({\rm{a}} \neq 0\). We can divide both sides of the equation by \({\rm{a}}\):

\[ {\rm{n}} = {\rm{ab}} \quad \text{(Equation A)} \]

Equation 2 Simplification

Similarly, the sum of \({\rm{b}}\) added \({\rm{m}}\) times can be written as \({\rm{m}} \times {\rm{b}}\) or \({\rm{mb}}\). So, the second equation becomes:

\[ {\rm{mb}} = {\rm{a}}{{\rm{b}}^2} \]

Since \({\rm{b}}\) is a natural number, \({\rm{b}} \neq 0\). We can divide both sides of the equation by \({\rm{b}}\):

\[ {\rm{m}} = {\rm{ab}} \quad \text{(Equation B)} \]

Relating the Variables

From Equation A and Equation B, we observe a significant relationship:

  • \({\rm{n}} = {\rm{ab}}\)
  • \({\rm{m}} = {\rm{ab}}\)

This implies that \({\rm{n}} = {\rm{m}}\).

Calculating the Final Expression

We need to find the value of the expression \(\left( {\underbrace {{\rm{m}} + {\rm{m}} + {\rm{m}} + \ldots + {\rm{m}}}_{{\rm{n\;times}}}} \right)\left( {\underbrace {{\rm{n}} + {\rm{n}} + {\rm{n}} + \ldots + {\rm{n}}}_{{\rm{m\;times}}}} \right)\).

Let's simplify each part of the product:

  • The first part, \(\underbrace {{\rm{m}} + {\rm{m}} + {\rm{m}} + \ldots + {\rm{m}}}_{{\rm{n\;times}}}\), is \({\rm{m}}\) added \({\rm{n}}\) times, which equals \({\rm{n}} \times {\rm{m}}\) or \({\rm{nm}}\).
  • The second part, \(\underbrace {{\rm{n}} + {\rm{n}} + {\rm{n}} + \ldots + {\rm{n}}}_{{\rm{m\;times}}}\), is \({\rm{n}}\) added \({\rm{m}}\) times, which equals \({\rm{m}} \times {\rm{n}}\) or \({\rm{mn}}\).

So, the entire expression becomes:

\[ \left( {{\rm{nm}}} \right)\left( {{\rm{mn}}} \right) = \left( {{\rm{nm}}} \right)^2 \]

Now, substitute the values of \({\rm{n}}\) and \({\rm{m}}\) we found from Equation A and Equation B:

  • Substitute \({\rm{n}} = {\rm{ab}}\)
  • Substitute \({\rm{m}} = {\rm{ab}}\)

\[ \left( {{\rm{nm}}} \right)^2 = \left( \left( {\rm{ab}} \right) \left( {\rm{ab}} \right) \right)^2 \]

First, multiply the terms inside the parentheses:

\[ \left( {\left( {\rm{ab}} \right)\left( {\rm{ab}} \right)} \right) = \left( {{\rm{a}} \cdot {\rm{a}} \cdot {\rm{b}} \cdot {\rm{b}}} \right) = \left( {{{\rm{a}}^2}{{\rm{b}}^2}} \right) \]

Now, square this result:

\[ \left( {{{\rm{a}}^2}{{\rm{b}}^2}} \right)^2 = {{\rm{a}}^{2 \times 2}}{{\rm{b}}^{2 \times 2}} = {{\rm{a}}^4}{{\rm{b}}^4} \]

Therefore, the value of the given expression is \({\rm{a}}^4{{\rm{b}}^4}\).

Conclusion

By simplifying the initial equations, we found that \({\rm{n}} = {\rm{ab}}\) and \({\rm{m}} = {\rm{ab}}\). Substituting these relationships into the target expression, we were able to simplify it down to \({\rm{a}}^4{{\rm{b}}^4}\).

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Important Questions from Verbal Deduction

  1. Lamenting the gradual sidelining of the arts in school curricula, a goup of prominent artists wrote to the Chief Minister last year, asking him to allocate more funds to support arts education in schools. However, no such increase has been announced in this year`s Budget. The artists expressed their deep anguish at their request not being approved, but many of them remain optimistic about funding in the future.

    Which of the statement(s) below is/are logically valid and can be inferred from the above statements?

    (i) The artists expected funding for the arts to increase this year.

    (ii) The Chief Minister was receptive to the idea of increasing funding for the arts.

    (iii) The Chief Minister is a prominent artist.

    (iv) Schools are giving less importance to arts education nowadays,
  2. Read the following paragraph and choose the correct statement.

    Climate change has reduced human security and threatened human wellbeing. An ignored reality of human progress is that human security largely depends upon environmental security. But on the contrary, human progress seems contradictory to environmental security. To keep up both at the required level is a challenge to be addressed by one and all. One of the ways to curb the climate change may be suitable scientific innovations, while the other may be the Gandhian perspective on

    Small scale progress with focus on sustainability.
  3. Choose the most appropriate phrase from the options given below to complete the following sentence.

    The aircraft_______ take off as soon as its flight plan was filed.

  4. Once the team of analysts identifies the problem, we _________ in a better position to comment on the issue.
    Which one of the following choices CANNOT fill the given blank? 

  5. “If you are looking for a history of India, or for an account of the rise and fall of the British Raj, or for the reason of the cleaving the subcontinent into two mutually antagonistic parts and the effects this mutilation will have in the respective sections, and ultimately on Asia, you will to find it in these pages; for though I have spent a lifetime in the country, I lived too near the seat of events, and was too intimately associated with the actors, to get the perspective needed for the impartial recording of these matters.”

    Which of the following is closest in meaning to ‘cleaving’?
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