Vertical integration 

Degree of Sellers' concentration

Conditions of entry

Degree of buyers' concentration

If consumers exhibit convex preferences, every pareto efficient allocation is a possible competitive equilibrium in a pure exchange economy.

In an economy involving production, the convexity of production sets ensures that a pareto efficient allocation can be achieved as a market equilibrium.

It holds when there are increasing returns to scale.

It implies that in the market system, the allocative role and the distributive role can be separated from each other.

how monetary authority sets interest rate in response to economic activity

how monetary authority maintains bank rate

how monetary authority maintains exchange rate

how government decides the tax rate to increase the tax base.