Read the passage and answer the questions given below :
Translation is defined as a process of finding a target language equivalent for the source language text. In some extreme theoretical positions, equivalence is sometimes defined as the identity of not only the content but also of the form and the processes at various levels of the linguistic structure in the translated material in the target language.
Equivalence, as we conceive it here, is the transfer of the content to the target language in a manner that is acceptable to and considered as the “genius” of the target language. This equivalence must be achieved in such a way that ambiguity, interference and variation in meaning are all avoided. Except where the original purposely resorts to polysemy, homography, homophony, and synonymy, the translated version is generally expected to avoid these.
The translation should aim at seeking the conceptual equivalents; it should define the conceptual equivalents accurately and tender them in the linguistic terms of the target language. As people begin to travel from place to place, from one country into another for various pursuits, and as people groups begin to develop social, cultural and economic contacts with one another, the necessity for translation for effective communication increases.
Multiplicity of languages is a fact of life in our world. People all over the world may prefer to learn English as an additional language and to attain some level of achievement in that language, and yet they would zealously continue to hold on to their own languages for socio-political, cultural and religious reasons.
